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本周的新聞熱詞有:
1.中央定調(diào)2018'貨幣政策'
2.'生態(tài)環(huán)境損害賠償'試行
3.2017漢語'年度字詞'揭曉
4.京首發(fā)'自動(dòng)駕駛車'細(xì)則
5.美國國會(huì)通過'稅改'法案
1. 貨幣政策
monetary policy
請(qǐng)看例句:
China has decided to maintain a prudent and neutral monetary policy in 2018 as the world's second largest economy strives to balance growth and risk prevention.
作為世界第二大經(jīng)濟(jì)體,我國努力平衡增長與風(fēng)險(xiǎn)防范之間的關(guān)系,決定在2018年繼續(xù)實(shí)施穩(wěn)健中性的貨幣政策。
18-20日,中央經(jīng)濟(jì)工作會(huì)議(the Central Economic Work Conference)在北京召開。會(huì)議確定,打好防范化解重大風(fēng)險(xiǎn)攻堅(jiān)戰(zhàn),重點(diǎn)是防控金融風(fēng)險(xiǎn)(financial risk),要服務(wù)于供給側(cè)結(jié)構(gòu)性改革(supply-side structural reform)這條主線,促進(jìn)形成金融和實(shí)體經(jīng)濟(jì)、金融和房地產(chǎn)、金融體系內(nèi)部的良性循環(huán)(virtuous cycle),做好重點(diǎn)領(lǐng)域風(fēng)險(xiǎn)防范(risk prevention)和處置,堅(jiān)決打擊違法違規(guī)金融活動(dòng)(illegal financial activities),加強(qiáng)薄弱環(huán)節(jié)(weak links)監(jiān)管制度建設(shè)。
中央經(jīng)濟(jì)工作會(huì)議強(qiáng)調(diào),穩(wěn)健的貨幣政策要保持中性(prudent monetary policy should be kept neutral),管住貨幣供給總閘門(the floodgates of monetary supply should be controlled),保持貨幣信貸和社會(huì)融資規(guī)模合理增長(credit and social financing should see reasonable growth),保持人民幣匯率在合理均衡水平上的基本穩(wěn)定(the yuan's exchange rate will be kept basically stable at a reasonable and balanced level),促進(jìn)多層次資本市場(chǎng)(multi-tiered capital market)健康發(fā)展,更好為實(shí)體經(jīng)濟(jì)服務(wù)(serve the real economy),守住不發(fā)生系統(tǒng)性金融風(fēng)險(xiǎn)(systemic financial risk)的底線。中央作出此番定調(diào)是因?yàn)槲覈媾R著既要確保穩(wěn)定的經(jīng)濟(jì)增長和流動(dòng)性,同時(shí)也要避免金融風(fēng)險(xiǎn)的雙重任務(wù)(China faces the dual task of ensuring stable economic growth and liquidity while averting financial risks)。
[相關(guān)詞匯]
優(yōu)化結(jié)構(gòu) optimize structure
流動(dòng)性風(fēng)險(xiǎn) liquidity risk
系統(tǒng)性風(fēng)險(xiǎn) systematic risk
外匯管制 foreign exchange regulations
資產(chǎn)質(zhì)量 asset quality
2. 生態(tài)環(huán)境損害賠償
ecological and environmental damage compensation
請(qǐng)看例句:
The General Office of the Communist Party of China Central Committee and the General Office of the State Council jointly issued a reform plan for the ecological and environmental damage compensation system recently. By 2020, China aims to establish an efficient comprehensive damage compensation system to protect and improve the country's ecosystem.
中共中央辦公廳和國務(wù)院辦公廳近日聯(lián)合印發(fā)了《生態(tài)環(huán)境損害賠償制度改革方案》。到2020年,我國計(jì)劃建立綜合的損害賠償制度以保護(hù)和改善我國的生態(tài)系統(tǒng)。
該方案中的生態(tài)環(huán)境損害(ecological and environmental damage),是指因污染環(huán)境、破壞生態(tài)(environmental pollution and ecological damage)造成大氣、地表水、地下水、土壤、森林等環(huán)境要素和植物、動(dòng)物、微生物等生物要素的不利改變(unfavorable changes of environmental elements such as air, surface water, underground water, soil and forest, as well as biological elements such as plants, animals and microbes),以及上述要素構(gòu)成的生態(tài)系統(tǒng)功能退化(functional deterioration of ecosystem)。
方案規(guī)定,違反法律法規(guī),造成生態(tài)環(huán)境損害的企業(yè)或個(gè)人(companies or individuals that cause ecological and environmental damage)應(yīng)當(dāng)承擔(dān)生態(tài)環(huán)境損害賠償責(zé)任,做到應(yīng)賠盡賠;生態(tài)環(huán)境損害無法修復(fù)(the damages are beyond restoration)的,實(shí)施貨幣賠償(monetary compensation),用于替代修復(fù)。省級(jí)、市地級(jí)政府(provincial or municipal governments)可指定相關(guān)部門或機(jī)構(gòu)負(fù)責(zé)生態(tài)環(huán)境損害賠償具體工作。跨省域的生態(tài)環(huán)境損害(trans-provincial ecological damage),由生態(tài)環(huán)境損害地的相關(guān)省級(jí)政府協(xié)商開展生態(tài)環(huán)境損害賠償工作。
[相關(guān)詞匯]
河流污染 river pollution
環(huán)境監(jiān)測(cè) environmental monitoring
非法排污 illegal discharge of pollutants
環(huán)保警察 environmental police
3. 年度字詞
Character and Word of the Year
請(qǐng)看例句:
"Intelligence" and "a community with a shared future for mankind" have been chosen as International Chinese Character of the Year and International Chinese Word of the Year, in a competition organized by National Center for Language Resources Monitoring and Research and the Commercial Press.
在國家語言資源監(jiān)測(cè)與研究中心和商務(wù)印書館近日組織的年度字詞評(píng)選中,"智"和"人類命運(yùn)共同體"分別當(dāng)選年度國際字、詞。
在此次評(píng)選活動(dòng)中,"享(sharing)"和"初心(original aspiration)"最終當(dāng)選年度國內(nèi)字、詞(National Character of the Year and National Chinese Word of the Year)。共"享"經(jīng)濟(jì)("sharing" economy)打造美好生活,不忘"初心"(remain true to our "original aspiration")繼續(xù)砥礪前行(work hard to press ahead),人工"智"能(artificial "intelligence")引領(lǐng)未來發(fā)展,構(gòu)建"人類命運(yùn)共同體"為世界發(fā)展貢獻(xiàn)中國智慧(Chinese vision)……專家表示,這些字詞概括了過去一年里令人難忘的時(shí)事、世情、民心,記錄著世界的變化、時(shí)代的變遷(the changing of times)。
據(jù)悉,"漢語盤點(diǎn)"活動(dòng)至今已舉辦12年,旨在鼓勵(lì)全民用語言記錄生活(use language to record life),描述中國視野下的社會(huì)變遷(social changes)和世界萬象。自11月20日活動(dòng)啟動(dòng)以來,組織方共收到網(wǎng)友推薦字詞數(shù)千條,網(wǎng)絡(luò)推薦和投票點(diǎn)擊量達(dá)2億次。
[相關(guān)詞匯]
熱詞 hot word
熱門話題 hot topic
年度人物 Person of the Year
最具文化影響力人物 the most significant cultural influencer
4. 自動(dòng)駕駛車輛
autonomous vehicle
請(qǐng)看例句:
China's first guideline on road tests of autonomous vehicles was released on Monday by local authorities in Beijing, signaling the country's determination to accelerate the development of the technology.
北京市相關(guān)部門18日發(fā)布了國內(nèi)首份自動(dòng)駕駛車輛道路測(cè)試細(xì)則,表明了我國加速發(fā)展這項(xiàng)技術(shù)的決心。
自動(dòng)駕駛車輛(autonomous vehicle,self-driving vehicle)又稱無人駕駛汽車或電腦駕駛汽車,是通過電腦系統(tǒng)操控實(shí)現(xiàn)無人駕駛的智能汽車。自動(dòng)駕駛車輛靠人工智能(artificial intelligence, AI)、視覺計(jì)算(visual computing)、雷達(dá)(radar)、監(jiān)控裝置(monitoring devices)和全球定位系統(tǒng)協(xié)同合作,使電腦可以在沒有任何人類進(jìn)行主動(dòng)操作的情況下,自動(dòng)安全地操作機(jī)動(dòng)車輛。
細(xì)則規(guī)定,在中國境內(nèi)注冊(cè)的獨(dú)立法人單位(independent entities registered in China),可申請(qǐng)自動(dòng)駕駛車輛臨時(shí)上路行駛。自動(dòng)駕駛車輛須具備自動(dòng)、人工兩種駕駛模式(self-driving and manual driving modes),可在兩種模式間隨時(shí)切換。為保證安全,測(cè)試車輛在上路測(cè)試前,必須在自動(dòng)駕駛封閉測(cè)試場(chǎng)完成過不少于規(guī)定里程與規(guī)定測(cè)試環(huán)境的測(cè)試,測(cè)試結(jié)果經(jīng)專家評(píng)審認(rèn)定,具備條件才允許上路測(cè)試。
上路后,測(cè)試單位應(yīng)購買不低于500萬元的交通事故責(zé)任險(xiǎn)(traffic accidents liability insurance)或提供不少于500萬元的自動(dòng)駕駛道路測(cè)試事故損害賠償保函(letter of guarantee for damage compensation of self-driving road tests accidents)。針對(duì)測(cè)試駕駛員的要求,細(xì)則指出,測(cè)試主體應(yīng)與測(cè)試駕駛員簽訂勞動(dòng)合同;測(cè)試駕駛員應(yīng)當(dāng)持有機(jī)動(dòng)車駕駛證(driving license),具有三年以上安全駕駛經(jīng)歷,無酒駕、毒駕記錄(no record of drunk driving and driving under the influence of drugs)。
[相關(guān)詞匯]
道路測(cè)試 road test
指定路段 designated road section
無人公交車 self-driving bus
無人機(jī) drone
5. 稅收改革
tax overhaul
請(qǐng)看例句:
US President Donald Trump secured the biggest win of his presidency Wednesday as Republicans passed the most sweeping tax overhaul since the 1980s.
美國總統(tǒng)特朗普20日贏得其任內(nèi)最大的勝利,共和黨人推動(dòng)通過了自20世紀(jì)80年代以來最徹底的稅收改革。
共和黨克服來自民主黨方面的反對(duì)意見(steamroll opposition from Democrats),最終通過了稅改議案(tax bill),為特朗普鎖定了自1月就職(take office)以來的首個(gè)重大立法勝利(major legislative victory)。此次稅改的核心內(nèi)容是大幅降低企業(yè)稅,其標(biāo)準(zhǔn)所得稅率(headline income tax rate)將從35%降至21%,使美國與發(fā)達(dá)國家的稅率平均水平相當(dāng)(bring the US into line with the developed-world average)。
該議案還將大幅調(diào)降富裕階層的稅負(fù)(slash taxes for the wealthy),并給予該國中產(chǎn)階級(jí)幅度不一的臨時(shí)減稅政策。特朗普表示,美國人民將自2月開始看到稅改法案的成果(begin seeing the results of the tax bill in February),屆時(shí)他們的稅后收入調(diào)整將開始體現(xiàn)在工資單上(adjustments to their after-tax income started appearing in pay checks)。
共和黨人表示,該議案是自1986年里根推行的改革以來最重大的稅收改革(the most substantial tax overhaul since Ronald Reagan's reforms of 1986),此輪稅改對(duì)于重振經(jīng)濟(jì),以及對(duì)明年11月的中期選舉中保住該黨對(duì)國會(huì)的控制均至關(guān)重要(be vital to energizing the economy and crucial to their chances of keeping control of Congress in midterm elections next November)。
[相關(guān)詞匯]
減稅 tax cut
稅率 tax rate
替代性最低稅 alternative minimum tax
經(jīng)濟(jì)數(shù)據(jù) economic data
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