自戀者心理更健康？自戀者容易給人留下良好的第一印象？自戀，作為一種性格特質(zhì)，通常帶有貶義，但同時也可以是一種自信的積極態(tài)度。科學研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，適度自戀有利于個人發(fā)展，讓你更容易走上人生巔峰。

Narcissistic people can sometimes be psychologically healthier than other people
自戀者有時心理更健康

Five studies, published in 2004 in the journal Personality Processes and Individual Differences, looked at some benefits of narcissism. Hundreds of people participated.
2004年，《性格養(yǎng)成與個性差異》刊登了五項有關自戀的益處的研究，有數(shù)百人參與其中。

Results showed that narcissists tended to be less depressed, lonely, anxious, and neurotic, and reported greater well-being than people who scored low on narcissism.
結果顯示，自戀者往往更不容易抑郁、孤單、焦慮、神經(jīng)質(zhì)，他們的幸福感比不自戀的人更強烈。

The study authors write:
研究作者寫道：

"High narcissists may be socially callous, but that is no reason for them not to be psychologically healthy. To use a far-fetched metaphor, the mind of a narcissist is like a sports utility vehicle. It is great to be in the driving seat, but fellow motorists must watch out, lest a collision with this mobile fortress demolish their more humble hatchbacks."
“高度自戀的人可能冷酷無情，但是他們不會心理不健康。打個牽強的比喻，自戀者的心理就像是一輛運動型多用途汽車（SUV），坐在駕駛座上的感覺很好。但其他司機必須要小心避免和這座移動堡壘發(fā)生碰撞，毀掉自己更加低調(diào)的小轎車。

Being moderately narcissistic seems to protect against social anxiety
適度自戀似乎能緩解社交焦慮

A 2010 study published in the journal Personality and Individual Differences, found that female college students who scored moderately high on a measure of narcissism were less worried about the way their bodies looked during exercise.
2010年刊登在《性格與個體差異》上的一項研究發(fā)現(xiàn)：在鍛煉時，稍微自戀一點的女大學生更不擔心自己的身材看起來如何。

Narcissistic adolescents and young adults tend to be more satisfied with life than their peers
相較于同齡人，自戀的青少年和年輕人對生活更滿意

The takeaway from a 2012 study, published in the journal Social Psychological and Personality Science, is that narcissism is more beneficial for younger people.
《社會心理與性格科學》上一項2012年的研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，自戀對年輕人更有益。

For the study, 368 college students and 439 of their family members filled out surveys on narcissism, life satisfaction, and personality traits. "Our findings suggest that the link between narcissism and life satisfaction is greater for adolescents and young adults than for adults," the authors write.
在該研究中，368名大學生和他們的439名家庭成員填寫了一份關于自戀、生活滿意度、性格特質(zhì)的問卷。研究作者稱：“結果顯示，相比于成年人，在青少年和年輕群體中，自戀和生活滿意度的關系更大。”

Specifically, participants who were younger than 26 who displayed certain types of narcissism reported higher life satisfaction and well-being; mothers of students who displayed the same traits did not.
特別是在26歲以下的受訪者中，自戀者的生活滿意度和幸福感都更高；但有自戀特征的學生媽媽中，并沒有出現(xiàn)這個現(xiàn)象。

That said, the study also found narcissists of all ages were generally perceived more negatively by others.
然而，研究也發(fā)現(xiàn)，無論處于哪個年齡段，自戀者得到的他人反饋都更負面。

Narcissists tend to make great first impressions
自戀者容易給人留下良好的第一印象

But those positive impressions deteriorate quickly.
但這種好印象很快就會褪去。

Two studies published 1998, in the Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, found that narcissistic college students were at first perceived as agreeable and well-adjusted by their peers.
1998年《個性與社會心理學期刊》刊登的兩項研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，自戀的大學生給同齡人留下的第一印象是和藹可親、適應性強。

Interestingly, after a few weeks, those perceptions become more negative: Narcissists were perceived as less agreeable and well-adjusted, and more hostile and arrogant, than other students.
但有趣的是，幾周過后，這種好印象就變差了：相比于其他人，自戀者給人留下的印象變得更不好相處，適應性更差，更不友善、傲慢。

Being slightly narcissistic is linked to having strong relationships
輕度自戀和穩(wěn)固的感情關系存在聯(lián)系

In "Rethinking Narcissism," Harvard Medical School psychologist Craig Malkin gives a definition of healthy narcissism: being able to move "seamlessly between self-absorption and caring attentiveness."
哈佛大學醫(yī)學院心理學專家克雷格?馬爾金在《反思自戀》一書中給“健康自戀”下了定義：即能夠在“專注自我和關懷體貼之間無縫切換”。

Malkin and a colleague developed the Narcissistic Spectrum Scale, on which two key indicators of healthy narcissism are responding "no" to the statements, "I like to dream big, but not at the expense of my relationships" and "I can rein myself in when people tell me I'm getting a big head."
他和一名同事研發(fā)了“自戀指數(shù)譜”，其中“健康自戀”的兩個關鍵標志就是“兩個不”：“我喜歡遠大的夢想，但不會以我的感情關系為代價”、“當別人說我自以為是時，我可以控制自己”。

If you do score high on healthy narcissism, Malkin writes, you're likely to have an easy time giving and receiving emotional support, and to enjoy closeness and emotional intimacy.
馬爾金寫道，如果你的“健康自戀”得分很高，那么你可能很容易給予或獲得情感支持，并且享受親密關系。

英文來源：商業(yè)內(nèi)幕網(wǎng)
翻譯&編輯：董靜
審校：yaning