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繼禽流感之后，又一個(gè)與動(dòng)物相關(guān)的疫情“甲型H1N1流感”正在來(lái)勢(shì)洶洶地對(duì)人類(lèi)構(gòu)成威脅，除了重災(zāi)區(qū)墨西哥以及毗鄰的美國(guó)已發(fā)現(xiàn)不少例“甲型H1N1流感”感染甚至死亡的疫情之外，我國(guó)香港地區(qū)也在5月1日確認(rèn)發(fā)現(xiàn)了第一起人感染“甲型H1N1流感”病例，而多達(dá)189人與香港確診的那位墨西哥籍甲型H1N1流感患者同乘墨西哥飛上海的航班，由此可見(jiàn)，對(duì)于“甲型H1N1流感”的危險(xiǎn)性，我們切莫等閑視之。

在全球媒體鋪天蓋地的“甲型H1N1流感”疫情報(bào)道中，甲型H1N1流感曾被普遍稱(chēng)為“豬流感”，雖然之后世衛(wèi)組織就明確表示用“豬流感”表示此次疫情并不合適，但畢竟這已經(jīng)是一個(gè)家喻戶曉的詞語(yǔ)。相信讀者已經(jīng)注意到，“豬流感”在英語(yǔ)中的說(shuō)法并非pig flu而是swine flu，也就是說(shuō)，這里的“豬”不是使用了我國(guó)廣大英語(yǔ)學(xué)習(xí)者很熟悉的pig一詞，而是使用了很多人所不熟悉的單詞swine。

英語(yǔ)中用來(lái)稱(chēng)呼“豬”的單詞除了大家熟悉的pig之外還有swine和hog，就這三個(gè)單詞的詞義而言，pig無(wú)疑是目前最常用的單詞，“養(yǎng)豬場(chǎng)”就叫做pig farm，養(yǎng)豬的農(nóng)民就叫做pig farmer，“養(yǎng)豬”是raise pig，“養(yǎng)豬業(yè)”就是pig industry等等。Swine的詞義現(xiàn)在更多時(shí)候已經(jīng)發(fā)生變化，含有明顯的貶義，通常被用來(lái)表示“豬玀”，“下流胚”等。Hog主要是美國(guó)英語(yǔ)用法，傾向于指已經(jīng)養(yǎng)得膘肥體壯可以進(jìn)入屠宰程序的豬（“Hog”will generally refer to animals at or nearing market weight or finished for market）。

在上述三個(gè)單詞中，swine雖然目前在英語(yǔ)詞匯中已經(jīng)偏離其表示“豬”的本義，但是許多英語(yǔ)辭典指出它也是一個(gè)專(zhuān)業(yè)說(shuō)法，也就是說(shuō)，它是“豬”的術(shù)語(yǔ)說(shuō)法，如同“豬瘟”在英語(yǔ)中叫做swine fever一樣。因此，“豬流感”就被稱(chēng)為swine flu而不是pig flu。不過(guò)，著名的網(wǎng)絡(luò)百科全書(shū)wikipedia對(duì)“豬流感”有著如下解釋?zhuān)?/span>

Swine influenza (also called swine flu, hog flu or pig flu) refers to an influenza caused by any strain of the influenza virus endemic in pigs (swine). Strains endemic in swine are called swine influenza virus.

上述釋義明確了“豬流感”就是swine flu，但是，hog flu和pig flu這樣的說(shuō)法也并非不可以。只是相對(duì)而言，swine flu更專(zhuān)業(yè)更正式一些，也成為媒體所接受的固定用法。從世衛(wèi)組織對(duì)swine flu的定義a respiratory disease of pigs caused by type A influenza viruses that causes regular outbreaks in pigs也可以看出，swine只是一個(gè)更加專(zhuān)業(yè)的說(shuō)法，或者說(shuō)已成為一個(gè)約定俗成的說(shuō)法，但其實(shí)質(zhì)就是pig所感染的呼吸系統(tǒng)疾病，即感冒，其道理也許就如同“禽流感”的專(zhuān)業(yè)術(shù)語(yǔ)是avian flu而通俗說(shuō)法為bird flu一樣，前者顯得更正式，而后者體現(xiàn)了大眾化特點(diǎn)。

事實(shí)上，與動(dòng)物相關(guān)的流感，一般來(lái)說(shuō)就是用動(dòng)物的名稱(chēng)加上flu，如dog flu，horse flu等等，而人類(lèi)流感則叫做human flu，僅有的差別只是流感病毒的宿主（host）不同而已，如Wikipedia對(duì)bird flu的釋義：“Bird flu”is a phrase similar to“Swine flu”,“Dog flu”,“Horse flu”, or“Human flu”in that it refers to an illness caused by any of many different strains of influenza viruses that have adapted to a specific host.

在此次“豬流感”疫情中，除了學(xué)習(xí)到了swine flu這一表達(dá)之外，我們還可以學(xué)習(xí)到其他一些相關(guān)詞匯，

如flu vaccine（流感疫苗），flu caseload（感染病例數(shù)），shot（注射，打針，eg. The nurse gave me a flu shot.護(hù)士給我打了治療流感的針），flu strain（流感病毒株），anti-viral medications（抗病毒藥物），make a vaccine against（研制出一種抗……的疫苗），ease flu symptoms（減輕流感癥狀）等等。在最近有關(guān)“甲型H1N1流感”的新聞報(bào)道中，出現(xiàn)頻率較高的相關(guān)詞匯還有contagious（會(huì)傳染的），respiratory disease（呼吸道疾病），circulate（傳播），contaminate（傳染），infect（感染），contract（感染），epidemic（流行病，時(shí)疫），epidemiologists（流行病學(xué)專(zhuān)家），pandemic（尤指全國(guó)性流行的疾病），pneumonias（肺炎），case（病例），confirmed case（確診病例），suspected case（疑似病例），incubation period（潛伏期），outbreak（爆發(fā)），mutate into a more dangerous strain（突變成更危險(xiǎn)病毒株），human-to-human transmission/spread/infection（人與人之間的傳播/感染），cough（咳嗽），sneeze（打噴嚏），antiviral drug（抗病毒藥物），symptom（癥候），face mask（面罩），test positive/negative（檢測(cè)呈陽(yáng)性/陰性），develop a fever（出現(xiàn)發(fā)燒/發(fā)熱癥狀），precautionary measures（預(yù)防措施），avoid contacts with（避免與……接觸），quarantee（醫(yī)學(xué)隔離），isolate（隔離，通俗用詞），step up surveillance（加強(qiáng)檢測(cè)），flu jitters（流感恐慌），contain（遏制），stem the spread of the virus（制止病毒的擴(kuò)散），public health emergency of international concern（國(guó)際關(guān)注的突發(fā)公共衛(wèi)生事件）等等。以下是與上述部分詞語(yǔ)相關(guān)的一些例句：

1． Canadaon Wednesday confirmed its first human-to-human spread of A/H1N1 flu infection, as the country' s total cases rise to 19.

2． Researchers have confirmed two cases of human to human transmission of the A/H1N1 influenza virus, raising the possibility that the infection could soon gain a foothold among people, with the potential to strike millions.

3． Scientists at the National Microbiology Laboratory have found that the virus appears to have an incubation period of two to seven days.

4． The Canadian public remains calm and the government has urged necessary precautionary measures such as washing hands frequently and avoiding contacts with people having flu symptoms.

5． All new cases are mild, but one of the patients in British Columbia has not been to Mexico recently and is believed to contract the virus from another person.

6． The above comments leave little doubt that the H1N1 flu is being efficiently transmitted human to human in southern California.

7． Hong Kong quarantined hundreds of hotel guests and workers Friday after a tourist from Mexico tested positive for A/H1N1 flu,Asia's first confirmed case of the disease.

8． China will track down the other passengers on the flight from Mexico to Shanghai and quarantine them for seven days, the country's Ministry of Health said in a statement Friday.

9． Governments worldwide raced to contain the spread of a new strain of A/H1N1 flu that has killed over 80 people in Mexico,amid a fresh warning that the virus could mutate into a more dangerous strain.

10．Around the world, governments are scrambling to stem the spread of a new A/H1N1 flu virus that has killed at least 103 people in Mexico, Reuters reported.

11．The World Health Organization declared the outbreak – which has components of classic avian, human and A/H1N1 flu viruses -- a “public health emergency of international concern”.

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