Married couples who love each other tell each other a thousand things without talking Surely Zuckerberg has an advantage because he can chat away with his wife, Priscilla Chan? Well, aside from the fact that linguistic ability does not seep across couples by osmosis, his wife is reportedly more comfortable in Cantonese (eight tones, compared to Mandarin’s four), which is as close to Mandarin as English is to Polish. Chan, the daughter of a Vietnamese-Chinese immigrant, was raised in Massachusetts and studied biology at Harvard. In other words, she is about as American as they come. Many expats in China claim that having a Chinese girlfriend brings the bonus of having a practice partner, but it is probably fair to assume the pillow talk in the Zuckerberg household is in English.
The revolution is not a dinner party Learning Chinese is hard. In short, the ratio of effort to reward is so dismal that all but the most mindlessly dogged foreigners give up. The Chinese, of course, have no choice, and their children have hours and hours of after-school homework, trying to drill the tens of thousands of characters into their long-term memory. Every person who tries to learn Chinese will at some point hit a wall and wonder why on earth they are bothering. Like me, many will find an excuse to settle on the low foothills, terrified at the daunting effort before them. Simple pronunciation, as Zuckerberg discovered, can take years to master. There is nothing more soul-sapping than enthusiastically going to lessons for months and still being faced with blank stares of incomprehension when you simply try to say hello and ask someone’s name. Grammar is more straightforward, but without rules it is difficult for learners to grasp which part of speech they might have heard. Which means if you do not know all the words in a sentence, you cannot guess its meaning.
A mountain of knives and a sea of fire And then there is the writing. There is no alphabet. You simply have to rote-learn Chinese characters, forcing thousands, or tens of thousands of them into your leaky brain. Anyone writing English can piece together the spelling of a word by saying it aloud to themselves in their head. But here you have to try to remember how many brush strokes it takes to write a character. Even professors of Chinese find it daunting to be handed a book and asked to read a passage. When my Chinese colleague looks at a text message on his phone, it takes him a good minute to decipher its meaning. |
彼此相愛的已婚夫婦無(wú)需通過(guò)語(yǔ)言就可以交流許多事情 扎克伯格真的是因?yàn)樗梢耘c妻子普莉希拉·陳(Priscilla Chan)交談而讓自己漢語(yǔ)的學(xué)習(xí)更具優(yōu)勢(shì)嗎? 事實(shí)上,除了英語(yǔ)能力不能進(jìn)行夫妻間的相互滲透外,扎克伯格的妻子更喜歡說(shuō)粵語(yǔ)(相對(duì)于只有4個(gè)音調(diào)的普通話,粵語(yǔ)有8個(gè)音調(diào)),粵語(yǔ)接近于普通話的程度就如同英語(yǔ)接近于波蘭語(yǔ)。 普莉希拉是越南華僑的女兒,她成長(zhǎng)于馬薩諸塞州,隨后在哈佛主修生物學(xué)。也就是說(shuō),在他們家搬去美國(guó)的時(shí)候,她就基本是個(gè)美國(guó)人了。許多外籍人士稱,有個(gè)中國(guó)女朋友的好處就是有了個(gè)練習(xí)中文的伙伴,但扎克伯格夫婦間的枕邊話是用英語(yǔ)交談這一假定可能是合理的。
改革不是請(qǐng)客吃飯 學(xué)習(xí)中文是艱難的,簡(jiǎn)而言之,努力的回報(bào)率是非常低的,以至于許多最頑強(qiáng)的外國(guó)人最后都放棄了。 中國(guó)人當(dāng)然就沒(méi)有選擇余地了,孩子們?cè)诜艑W(xué)后要花費(fèi)幾個(gè)小時(shí)來(lái)完成家庭作業(yè),試圖把成千上萬(wàn)個(gè)文字保存到他們的長(zhǎng)期記憶中。 每個(gè)試圖學(xué)習(xí)中文的人都會(huì)在某一時(shí)候碰壁,接著就琢磨為什么它們到底為什么這么惹人困擾。在攀登漢語(yǔ)這座大山時(shí),許多人像我一樣,會(huì)找個(gè)借口在低山麓處安定下來(lái),害怕在它面前付出的艱巨努力。正如扎克伯格發(fā)現(xiàn)的那樣,掌握一個(gè)簡(jiǎn)單的發(fā)音都會(huì)花費(fèi)好幾年的時(shí)間。你充滿熱情上地去上課,幾個(gè)月后會(huì),當(dāng)你只是試圖跟人打招呼或者問(wèn)別人的名字,迎來(lái)的卻仍是不解的凝視,沒(méi)有什么比這更讓人心靈備受拷打了。 語(yǔ)法確實(shí)更加直觀,但是如果沒(méi)有規(guī)則的話,學(xué)習(xí)者就很難理解講話者所說(shuō)是哪一部分,也就是說(shuō),如果你不認(rèn)識(shí)句子里的所有漢字,你也就無(wú)法猜到它的含義。
上刀山下火海 接下來(lái)是寫作,漢語(yǔ)中沒(méi)有字母表,你需要的是死記硬背漢字,然后將成千上萬(wàn)的漢字灌輸?shù)阶约旱拇竽X中。 任何一個(gè)進(jìn)行英語(yǔ)寫作的人都可以通過(guò)在腦海中回想發(fā)音而將單詞拼寫出來(lái),但寫漢字時(shí),你必須努力記住要寫多少筆畫。 如果你給漢語(yǔ)教授一本書,讓他讀一篇文章,連他都會(huì)畏縮。當(dāng)我的一個(gè)中國(guó)同事看手機(jī)上的信息時(shí),他總會(huì)花費(fèi)好幾分鐘來(lái)理解它的含義。 |