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在第十一屆全國人民代表大會第三次會議上的政府工作報告

國務院總理 溫家寶

2010年3月5日

REPORT ON THE WORK OF THE GOVERNMENT

--Delivered at the Third Session of the Eleventh National People’s Congress

on March 5, 2010

Wen Jiabao

Premier of the State Council

各位代表，

Fellow Deputies,

現在，我代表國務院向大會作政府工作報告，請予審議，并請全國政協各位委員提出意見。

On behalf of the State Council, I now present to you my report on the work of the government for your deliberation and approval. I also invite the members of the National Committee of the Chinese People’s Political Consultative Conference (CPPCC) to provide comments and suggestions.

一、2009年工作回顧

I. Review of Work in 2009

2009年是新世紀以來我國經濟發展最為困難的一年。去年這個時候，國際金融危機還在擴散蔓延，世界經濟深度衰退，我國經濟受到嚴重沖擊，出口大幅下降，不少企業經營困難，有的甚至停產倒閉，失業人員大量增加，農民工大批返鄉，經濟增速陡然下滑。在異常困難的情況下，全國各族人民在中國共產黨的堅強領導下，堅定信心，迎難而上，頑強拼搏，從容應對國際金融危機沖擊，在世界率先實現經濟回升向好，改革開放和社會主義現代化建設取得新的重大成就。國內生產總值達到33.5萬億元，比上年增長8.7%；財政收入6.85萬億元，增長11.7%；糧食產量5.31億噸，再創歷史新高，實現連續6年增產；城鎮新增就業1102萬人；城鎮居民人均可支配收入17175元，農村居民人均純收入5153元，實際增長9.8%和8.5%。我國在全面建設小康社會道路上又邁出堅實的一步。實踐再次證明，任何艱難險阻都擋不住中華民族偉大復興的歷史進程。

The year 2009 was the most difficult year for our country’s economic development since the beginning of the new century. This time last year the global financial crisis was still spreading, and the world economy was in a deep recession. Our economy was severely affected; our exports decreased significantly; a large number of enterprises had operating difficulties, and some even suspended production or closed down; the number of unemployed people increased significantly; many migrant workers had to return to their home villages; and the pace of our economic growth suddenly slowed down. In these unusually difficult circumstances, the people of all our ethnic groups fortified their confidence, tackled difficulties head on, worked tenaciously, and responded calmly to the impact of the global financial crisis under the firm leadership of the Communist Party of China (CPC). Our economy was the first in the world to have made a turnaround, and we made major new achievements in reform and opening up as well as socialist modernization. GDP reached 33.5 trillion yuan, an increase of 8.7% over the previous year (here and below). Fiscal revenue was 6.85 trillion yuan, up 11.7%. Grain production was 531 million tons, a new record and an increase for the sixth consecutive year. A total of 11.02 million urban jobs were created. The per capita disposable income of urban residents was 17,175 yuan, and the net per capita income of rural residents was 5,153 yuan, up 9.8% and 8.5% respectively in real terms. We took another steady step along the path of building a moderately prosperous society in all respects. Events again proved that no difficulties or obstacles can impede the course of the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation.

過去的一年，極不平凡，令人振奮。我們隆重慶祝新中國成立60周年。撫今追昔，偉大祖國的輝煌成就極大地激發了全國人民的自信心和自豪感，極大地增強了中華民族的向心力和凝聚力，極大地提升了我國的國際地位和影響力，必將激勵我們在中國特色社會主義道路上繼續奮勇前進。

The past year was truly extraordinary and inspiring. We held a grand celebration of the 60th anniversary of the founding of New China. The outstanding achievements we made in that time have greatly boosted the confidence and pride of the people, strengthened the cohesiveness of the Chinese nation, and raised China’s international standing and influence. All this definitely encourages us to continue to forge ahead on the path of socialism with Chinese characteristics.

一年來，我們主要做了以下工作：

Over the last year, we mainly undertook the following work.

（一）加強和改善宏觀調控，促進經濟平穩較快發展。我們實行積極的財政政策和適度寬松的貨幣政策，全面實施并不斷完善應對國際金融危機的一攬子計劃。大規模增加財政支出和實行結構性減稅，保持貨幣信貸快速增長，提高貨幣政策的可持續性，擴大直接融資規模，滿足經濟社會發展的資金需求，有效擴大了內需，很快扭轉了經濟增速下滑趨勢。

1. Strengthening and improving macro-control and promoting steady and rapid economic development. We carried out a proactive fiscal policy and a moderately easy monetary policy. We comprehensively implemented and constantly improved the package plan for addressing the global financial crisis. We significantly increased government spending, implemented structural tax reductions, rapidly increased supplies of money and credit, made our monetary policy more sustainable, and increased the amount of direct financing. We thus ensured funding for economic and social development, effectively boosted domestic demand, and quickly reversed the slowdown in economic growth.

著力擴大居民消費。我們鼓勵消費的政策領域之寬、力度之大、受惠面之廣前所未有。中央財政投入資金 450億元，補貼家電汽車摩托車下鄉、汽車家電以舊換新和農機具購置。減半征收小排量汽車購置稅，減免住房交易相關稅收，支持自住性住房消費。全年汽車銷售1364萬輛，增長46.2%；商品房銷售9.37億平方米，增長42.1%；社會消費品零售總額實際增長16.9%，消費對經濟增長的拉動作用明顯增強。

We vigorously expanded consumer spending. Our policies to encourage consumption covered more areas, were stronger and benefited more people than ever before. The central government provided 45 billion yuan in subsidies for rural residents to purchase home appliances and motor vehicles, including motorbikes. Part of the subsidies also supported trading-in old motor vehicles and home appliances for new ones and purchasing agricultural machinery and tools. We halved the purchase tax on small-displacement automobiles. We reduced or exempted taxes on buying and selling homes to support the purchase of homes to be used as their owners’ residences. Throughout the year 13.64 million motor vehicles were sold, an increase of 46.2%; commodity housing sales amounted to 937 million square meters, up 42.1%; and total retail sales of consumer goods increased 16.9% in real terms: Consumption played a much bigger role in fueling economic growth.

促進投資快速增長。我們發揮政府投資“四兩撥千斤”的作用，引導帶動社會投資。實施兩年新增4萬億元的投資計劃。2009年中央政府公共投資 9243億元，比上年預算增加5038億元，其中，保障性住房、農村民生工程、社會事業投資占44%，自主創新、結構調整、節能減排和生態建設占16%，重大基礎設施建設占23%，災后恢復重建占14%。全社會固定資產投資增長30.1%，投資結構進一步優化。投資快速增長有效彌補了外需下降的缺口，加強了薄弱環節，為經濟社會長遠發展奠定了堅實的基礎。

We promoted rapid growth in investment. We guided and stimulated non-government investment by means of well-leveraged government investment. We implemented a plan to invest an additional 4 trillion yuan over two years. In 2009, the central government’s public investment was 924.3 billion yuan, 503.8 billion yuan more than in the previous year’s budget. Of this, 44% was invested in. low-income housing, projects to improve the wellbeing of rural residents, and social programs; 16% in independent innovation, restructuring, energy conservation, emissions reductions, and ecological improvement; 23% in major infrastructure projects; and 14% in post-Wenchuan earthquake recovery and reconstruction. Fixed asset investment increased .30.1% nationwide. We further improved the investment structure. Rapid investment growth effectively compensated for the shortfall created by shrinking external demand, strengthened weak links, and laid a solid foundation for long-term economic and social development.

我們加快推進汶川地震災后恢復重建，重災區已完成投資6545億元，占規劃總投資的65.5%。國家的大力支持，全國人民的無私援助，災區群眾的艱苦奮斗，使遭受重大創傷的災區呈現出嶄新面貌。一座座新城拔地而起，一個個村莊煥發出蓬勃生機。這充分體現了中華民族的無疆大愛，有力彰顯了社會主義制度的無比優越。

We accelerated the post-Wenchuan earthquake recovery and reconstruction work. We have already invested 654.5 billion yuan, 65.5% of the total planned investment, in the worst hit areas. Thanks to the government’s strong support, the selfless assistance of people throughout the country, and the hard work of residents of the earthquake area, the badly damaged areas have taken on a brand-new appearance, with new towns rising straight out of the ground, and villages brimming with vitality. All this fully reflects the boundless love of the Chinese nation and powerfully demonstrates the incomparable superiority of the socialist system.

（二）大力調整經濟結構，夯實長遠發展基礎。我們把保增長與調結構緊密結合起來，加快解決制約經濟發展的結構性矛盾。

2. Vigorously carrying out economic restructuring, and shoring up the foundation for long-term development. We closely integrated sustaining economic growth with economic restructuring, and moved more quickly to resolve structural problems limiting economic development.

“三農”工作進一步加強。中央財政用于“三農”的支出7253億元，增長21.8%。大幅度提高糧食最低收購價。啟動實施全國新增千億斤糧食生產能力建設規劃。繼續改善農村生產生活條件，農村飲水安全工程使6069萬農民受益，新增510萬沼氣用戶，新建和改造農村公路38萬公里、農村電網線路 26.6萬公里，又有80萬戶農村危房得到改造，9.2萬戶游牧民實現了定居。我們加大扶貧力度，貧困地區的生產生活條件得到明顯改善。

We further strengthened the work related to agriculture, rural areas, and farmers. The central government used 725.3 billion yuan to support agriculture, rural areas, and farmers, an increase of 21.8%. We raised the minimum grain purchase prices by a large margin. We began implementation of ’the plan to increase grain production capacity by 50 million tons nationwide. We continued to improve living and working conditions in rural areas. We implemented rural drinking water safety projects that benefited 60.69 million people, increased the number of methane gas users by 5.1. million, built and upgraded 380,000 kilometers of roads and 266,000 kilometers of electric power lines and renovated 800,000 dilapidated houses in the countryside, and helped build permanent housing for 92,000 nomadic families. We also intensified our efforts to fight poverty. As a result, working and living conditions notably improved in poverty-stricken areas.

產業結構調整力度加大。制定并實施十大重點產業調整振興規劃。鼓勵企業加快技術改造，安排200億元技改專項資金支持4441個技改項目。重點行業兼并重組取得新進展。下大力氣抑制部分行業產能過剩和重復建設，關停小火電機組2617萬千瓦，淘汰落后的煉鋼產能1691萬噸、煉鐵產能2113萬噸、水泥產能7416萬噸、焦炭產能1809萬噸。加快實施國家科技重大專項，中央財政用于科技的支出1512億元，增長30%。積極支持自主創新產品推廣應用，清潔能源、第三代移動通信等一批新興產業快速發展。大力加強基礎設施建設，新建鐵路投入運營5557公里，高速公路新建通車4719公里，城市軌道交通建設加快，新建、改擴建民用機場35個；新增發電裝機8970萬千瓦，西氣東輸二線西段工程實現供氣，南水北調工程建設加快推進，6183座病險水庫除險加固工程開工建設。

We intensified industrial restructuring. We formulated and implemented a plan for restructuring and invigorating ten key industries. We encouraged enterprises to accelerate technological upgrading, and provided 20 billion yuan to support 4,441 technological upgrading projects. Further progress was made in mergers and reorganization in key industries. We made great efforts to restrict excess production capacity and redundant development in some industries. We closed down 26.17 million kilowatts of small thermal power stations, and eliminated backward facilities with total production tons in the steelmaking industry, 21.13 million tons in the iron-smelting 74.16 million tons in the cement industry, and 18.09 million tons in the coke industry. We accelerated the implementation of major national science and technology projects，and spent 151.2 billion yuan of central government funds on science and technology, an increase of 30%. We vigorously supported the widespread use of domestically innovated products, and the development of emerging industries such as clean energy and third-generation mobile communications. We vigorously strengthened infrastructure development; put 5,557 kilometers of newly built railway lines into operation; opened 4,719 kilometers of new expressways to traffic, accelerated urban rail development; and built, renovated or expanded 35 civil airports. We increased the installed power-generating capacity by 89.7 million kilowatts, began supplying gas through the western section of the second line of the project for shipping natural gas from west to east, accelerated construction on the South-to-North Water Diversion Project, and began reinforcing 6,183 dangerous reservoirs.

節能減排和環境保護扎實推進。安排預算內資金，支持重點節能工程、循環經濟等項目2983個；實施節能產品惠民工程，推廣節能空調500多萬臺、高效照明燈具1.5億只。繼續推進林業重點生態工程建設，完成造林8827萬畝，森林覆蓋率達到20.36%。綜合治理水土流失面積4.8萬平方公里。加強"三河三湖"等重點流域水污染防治和工業廢水廢氣廢渣治理。“十一五”前四年累計單位國內生產總值能耗下降 14.38%，化學需氧量、二氧化硫排放量分別下降9.66%和13.14%。積極開展應對氣候變化工作，明確提出2020年我國控制溫室氣體排放行動目標和政策措施。氣象預報預警和地震監測工作得到加強，災害防御能力不斷提升。

We made solid progress in conserving energy, reducing emissions and protecting the environment. We supported 2,983 key energy conservation and recycling projects through budgetary investment. We implemented a project to promote energy-efficient products for the benefit of the people, putting into use more than 5 million energy-saving air-conditioners and 150 million energy-efficient light bulbs. We continued to develop key ecological projects in the forestry industry, and completed the afforestation of 5.88 million hectares, thereby raising the percentage of land covered by forest to 20.36%. Through combined measures, we brought soil erosion on 48,000 square kilometers of land under control. We strengthened the prevention and treatment of water pollution in the key watersheds of the Huai, Hai, and Liao rivers and Tai, Chao, and Dianchi lakes, and improved the control of wastewater, gases and residues from industry. Over the first four years of the Eleventh Five-Year Plan period, energy consumption per unit of GDP fell 14.38%，and chemical oxygen demand and sulfur dioxide emissions decreased 9.66% and 13.14% respectively. We made vigorous efforts to respond to climate change, and set forth our country’s targets, policies and measures for controlling greenhouse gas emissions by 2020. We improved our weather forecasting and early warning; as well as earthquake monitoring, and constantly improved our disaster prevention and protection capabilities.

區域協調發展邁出新步伐。深入實施區域發展總體戰略，制定若干區域發展重大規劃和政策。中西部和東北地區加快開放開發，積極承接產業轉移，發展基礎不斷夯實；東部地區加快結構和自主創新，經濟發展活力增強。區域發展呈現布局改善、結構優化、協調性提高的良好態勢。

We took new steps in balancing development between regions. We thoroughly implemented the overall strategy for regional development; and formulated several major regional development plans and policies. The central and western regions and northeast China accelerated opening up and development, welcomed industries relocated from other parts of the country, and continuously strengthened their foundation for development. The eastern region accelerated restructuring and independent innovation, and the vitality of its economic development increased. A favorable situation emerged in which regional development was better distributed, structured and coordinated.